diff --git a/api/net/sf/briar/api/transport/TransportConstants.java b/api/net/sf/briar/api/transport/TransportConstants.java
index a37b810071d8952f03b4665a09b5c6cdf5907214..c8af507f11079f746e66c11adcdc00a7d134a605 100644
--- a/api/net/sf/briar/api/transport/TransportConstants.java
+++ b/api/net/sf/briar/api/transport/TransportConstants.java
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ public interface TransportConstants {
 	static final int MAX_FRAME_LENGTH = 65536; // 2^16, 64 KiB
 
 	/** The length of the frame header in bytes. */
-	static final int FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH = 9;
+	static final int HEADER_LENGTH = 9;
 
 	/** The length of the MAC in bytes. */
 	static final int MAC_LENGTH = 16;
diff --git a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderFactoryImpl.java b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderFactoryImpl.java
index 0bed032dd28587f8ede3cae72a9677b3dcbb6eb7..de29f8695fe1a912ec1ed3f286e10db2dc001d34 100644
--- a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderFactoryImpl.java
+++ b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderFactoryImpl.java
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class ConnectionReaderFactoryImpl implements ConnectionReaderFactory {
 		Cipher framePeekingCipher = crypto.getFramePeekingCipher();
 		IvEncoder frameIvEncoder = crypto.getFrameIvEncoder();
 		IvEncoder framePeekingIvEncoder = crypto.getFramePeekingIvEncoder();
-		FrameReader encryption = new IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl(in, tagCipher,
+		FrameReader encryption = new IncomingEncryptionLayer(in, tagCipher,
 				frameCipher, framePeekingCipher, frameIvEncoder,
 				framePeekingIvEncoder, tagKey, frameKey, !initiator);
 		return new ConnectionReaderImpl(encryption);
diff --git a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderImpl.java b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderImpl.java
index 4ef2de96c10203aacbacac6844fba29be9f6fcd6..3151a7bd0c511491884393315841ac5db14371cf 100644
--- a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderImpl.java
+++ b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderImpl.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package net.sf.briar.transport;
 
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.HEADER_LENGTH;
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAX_FRAME_LENGTH;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
@@ -11,14 +12,14 @@ import net.sf.briar.api.transport.ConnectionReader;
 class ConnectionReaderImpl extends InputStream implements ConnectionReader {
 
 	private final FrameReader in;
-	private final Frame frame;
+	private final byte[] frame;
 
 	private int offset = 0, length = 0;
 
 	ConnectionReaderImpl(FrameReader in) {
 		this.in = in;
-		frame = new Frame();
-		offset = FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+		frame = new byte[MAX_FRAME_LENGTH];
+		offset = HEADER_LENGTH;
 	}
 
 	public InputStream getInputStream() {
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ class ConnectionReaderImpl extends InputStream implements ConnectionReader {
 	public int read() throws IOException {
 		if(length == -1) return -1;
 		while(length == 0) if(!readFrame()) return -1;
-		int b = frame.getBuffer()[offset] & 0xff;
+		int b = frame[offset] & 0xff;
 		offset++;
 		length--;
 		return b;
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ class ConnectionReaderImpl extends InputStream implements ConnectionReader {
 		if(length == -1) return -1;
 		while(length == 0) if(!readFrame()) return -1;
 		len = Math.min(len, length);
-		System.arraycopy(frame.getBuffer(), offset, b, off, len);
+		System.arraycopy(frame, offset, b, off, len);
 		offset += len;
 		length -= len;
 		return len;
@@ -53,19 +54,17 @@ class ConnectionReaderImpl extends InputStream implements ConnectionReader {
 
 	private boolean readFrame() throws IOException {
 		assert length == 0;
-		byte[] buf = frame.getBuffer();
-		if(HeaderEncoder.isLastFrame(buf)) {
+		if(HeaderEncoder.isLastFrame(frame)) {
 			length = -1;
 			return false;
 		}
-		frame.reset();
 		if(!in.readFrame(frame)) throw new FormatException();
-		offset = FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
-		length = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(buf);
+		offset = HEADER_LENGTH;
+		length = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(frame);
 		// The padding must be all zeroes
-		int padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(buf);
+		int padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(frame);
 		for(int i = offset + length; i < offset + length + padding; i++) {
-			if(buf[i] != 0) throw new FormatException();
+			if(frame[i] != 0) throw new FormatException();
 		}
 		return true;
 	}
diff --git a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterFactoryImpl.java b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterFactoryImpl.java
index ea36c2c2c51a9c30ec944e788333f726ac55538b..0d01c4693798ff0f47a11f6492aff315ca4adc63 100644
--- a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterFactoryImpl.java
+++ b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterFactoryImpl.java
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class ConnectionWriterFactoryImpl implements ConnectionWriterFactory {
 		Cipher tagCipher = crypto.getTagCipher();
 		Cipher frameCipher = crypto.getFrameCipher();
 		IvEncoder frameIvEncoder = crypto.getFrameIvEncoder();
-		FrameWriter encryption = new OutgoingEncryptionLayerImpl(
+		FrameWriter encryption = new OutgoingEncryptionLayer(
 				out, capacity, tagCipher, frameCipher, frameIvEncoder, tagKey,
 				frameKey);
 		return new ConnectionWriterImpl(encryption);
diff --git a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterImpl.java b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterImpl.java
index be97ff2de48b87766c57e40ebdb28f3a7659f6b1..d15c9f73ad2e25d391f6a353173e6a759f58c64a 100644
--- a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterImpl.java
+++ b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterImpl.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package net.sf.briar.transport;
 
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.HEADER_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAC_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAX_FRAME_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.util.ByteUtils.MAX_32_BIT_UNSIGNED;
@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ import net.sf.briar.api.transport.ConnectionWriter;
 class ConnectionWriterImpl extends OutputStream implements ConnectionWriter {
 
 	private final FrameWriter out;
-	private final Frame frame;
+	private final byte[] frame;
 
 	private int offset;
 	private long frameNumber;
 
 	ConnectionWriterImpl(FrameWriter out) {
 		this.out = out;
-		frame = new Frame();
-		offset = FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+		frame = new byte[MAX_FRAME_LENGTH];
+		offset = HEADER_LENGTH;
 		frameNumber = 0L;
 	}
 
@@ -38,29 +38,29 @@ class ConnectionWriterImpl extends OutputStream implements ConnectionWriter {
 	public long getRemainingCapacity() {
 		long capacity = out.getRemainingCapacity();
 		// If there's any data buffered, subtract it and its overhead
-		if(offset > FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH) capacity -= offset + MAC_LENGTH;
+		if(offset > HEADER_LENGTH) capacity -= offset + MAC_LENGTH;
 		// Subtract the overhead from the remaining capacity
 		long frames = (long) Math.ceil((double) capacity / MAX_FRAME_LENGTH);
-		int overheadPerFrame = FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + MAC_LENGTH;
+		int overheadPerFrame = HEADER_LENGTH + MAC_LENGTH;
 		return Math.max(0L, capacity - frames * overheadPerFrame);
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void close() throws IOException {
-		if(offset > FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH || frameNumber > 0L) writeFrame(true);
+		if(offset > HEADER_LENGTH || frameNumber > 0L) writeFrame(true);
 		out.flush();
 		super.close();
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void flush() throws IOException {
-		if(offset > FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH) writeFrame(false);
+		if(offset > HEADER_LENGTH) writeFrame(false);
 		out.flush();
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void write(int b) throws IOException {
-		frame.getBuffer()[offset++] = (byte) b;
+		frame[offset++] = (byte) b;
 		if(offset + MAC_LENGTH == MAX_FRAME_LENGTH) writeFrame(false);
 	}
 
@@ -71,30 +71,26 @@ class ConnectionWriterImpl extends OutputStream implements ConnectionWriter {
 
 	@Override
 	public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
-		byte[] buf = frame.getBuffer();
 		int available = MAX_FRAME_LENGTH - offset - MAC_LENGTH;
 		while(available <= len) {
-			System.arraycopy(b, off, buf, offset, available);
+			System.arraycopy(b, off, frame, offset, available);
 			offset += available;
 			writeFrame(false);
 			off += available;
 			len -= available;
 			available = MAX_FRAME_LENGTH - offset - MAC_LENGTH;
 		}
-		System.arraycopy(b, off, buf, offset, len);
+		System.arraycopy(b, off, frame, offset, len);
 		offset += len;
 	}
 
 	private void writeFrame(boolean lastFrame) throws IOException {
 		if(frameNumber > MAX_32_BIT_UNSIGNED) throw new IllegalStateException();
-		int payload = offset - FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+		int payload = offset - HEADER_LENGTH;
 		assert payload >= 0;
-		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame.getBuffer(), frameNumber, payload, 0,
-				lastFrame);
-		frame.setLength(offset);
+		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame, frameNumber, payload, 0, lastFrame);
 		out.writeFrame(frame);
-		frame.reset();
-		offset = FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+		offset = HEADER_LENGTH;
 		frameNumber++;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/Frame.java b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/Frame.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 23271149c22f864bdaeea0587f08c4355ffbe265..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/Frame.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package net.sf.briar.transport;
-
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAX_FRAME_LENGTH;
-
-class Frame {
-
-	private final byte[] buf;
-
-	private int length = -1;
-
-	Frame() {
-		buf = new byte[MAX_FRAME_LENGTH];
-	}
-
-	public byte[] getBuffer() {
-		return buf;
-	}
-
-	public int getLength() {
-		if(length == -1) throw new IllegalStateException();
-		return length;
-	}
-
-	public void setLength(int length) {
-		if(length < FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH || length > buf.length)
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException();
-		this.length = length;
-	}
-
-	public void reset() {
-		length = -1;
-	}
-}
diff --git a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameReader.java b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameReader.java
index ad4a8b625180c9e0c8ef0d7e1301f2d5e694eab5..65edf3d1dbe047cc9144bdc678213177b3e31bc7 100644
--- a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameReader.java
+++ b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameReader.java
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ interface FrameReader {
 	 * Reads a frame into the given buffer. Returns false if no more frames can
 	 * be read from the connection.
 	 */
-	boolean readFrame(Frame f) throws IOException;
+	boolean readFrame(byte[] frame) throws IOException;
 }
diff --git a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameWriter.java b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameWriter.java
index d8f24517f431a5be34456cae2d39381dcf9e1100..f331099aaa195575fe837bfada707aaefec46f95 100644
--- a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameWriter.java
+++ b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameWriter.java
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 interface FrameWriter {
 
 	/** Writes the given frame. */
-	void writeFrame(Frame f) throws IOException;
+	void writeFrame(byte[] frame) throws IOException;
 
 	/** Flushes the stack. */
 	void flush() throws IOException;
diff --git a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/HeaderEncoder.java b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/HeaderEncoder.java
index 4240406e4e8ee13ad32a7c863838be3eb7be65a4..210e0044ee8e7b54ccf979ee88be04e6b35e26cd 100644
--- a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/HeaderEncoder.java
+++ b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/HeaderEncoder.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package net.sf.briar.transport;
 
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.HEADER_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAC_LENGTH;
 import net.sf.briar.util.ByteUtils;
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class HeaderEncoder {
 
 	static void encodeHeader(byte[] header, long frameNumber, int payload,
 			int padding, boolean lastFrame) {
-		if(header.length < FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH)
+		if(header.length < HEADER_LENGTH)
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException();
 		if(frameNumber < 0 || frameNumber > ByteUtils.MAX_32_BIT_UNSIGNED)
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException();
@@ -23,37 +23,32 @@ class HeaderEncoder {
 	}
 
 	static boolean checkHeader(byte[] header, int length) {
-		if(header.length < FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH)
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+		if(header.length < HEADER_LENGTH) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
 		int payload = getPayloadLength(header);
 		int padding = getPaddingLength(header);
-		if(FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding + MAC_LENGTH != length)
+		if(HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding + MAC_LENGTH != length)
 			return false;
 		if(header[8] != 0 && header[8] != 1) return false;
 		return true;
 	}
 
 	static long getFrameNumber(byte[] header) {
-		if(header.length < FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH)
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+		if(header.length < HEADER_LENGTH) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
 		return ByteUtils.readUint32(header, 0);
 	}
 
 	static int getPayloadLength(byte[] header) {
-		if(header.length < FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH)
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+		if(header.length < HEADER_LENGTH) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
 		return ByteUtils.readUint16(header, 4);
 	}
 
 	static int getPaddingLength(byte[] header) {
-		if(header.length < FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH)
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+		if(header.length < HEADER_LENGTH) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
 		return ByteUtils.readUint16(header, 6);
 	}
 
 	static boolean isLastFrame(byte[] header) {
-		if(header.length < FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH)
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+		if(header.length < HEADER_LENGTH) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
 		return header[8] == 1;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl.java b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayer.java
similarity index 84%
rename from components/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl.java
rename to components/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayer.java
index 66c49ee806bbd585ad966de4a25f298d6d4fc8eb..29a3cec7df74ffdac65f0bcc02d62a3a76007251 100644
--- a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl.java
+++ b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayer.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package net.sf.briar.transport;
 
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.HEADER_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAC_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAX_FRAME_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.TAG_LENGTH;
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import net.sf.briar.api.FormatException;
 import net.sf.briar.api.crypto.ErasableKey;
 import net.sf.briar.api.crypto.IvEncoder;
 
-class IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl implements FrameReader {
+class IncomingEncryptionLayer implements FrameReader {
 
 	private final InputStream in;
 	private final Cipher tagCipher, frameCipher, framePeekingCipher;
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl implements FrameReader {
 	private boolean readTag;
 	private long frameNumber;
 
-	IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl(InputStream in, Cipher tagCipher,
+	IncomingEncryptionLayer(InputStream in, Cipher tagCipher,
 			Cipher frameCipher, Cipher framePeekingCipher,
 			IvEncoder frameIvEncoder, IvEncoder framePeekingIvEncoder,
 			ErasableKey tagKey, ErasableKey frameKey, boolean readTag) {
@@ -43,15 +43,14 @@ class IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl implements FrameReader {
 		this.frameKey = frameKey;
 		this.readTag = readTag;
 		blockSize = frameCipher.getBlockSize();
-		if(blockSize < FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH)
-			throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+		if(blockSize < HEADER_LENGTH) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
 		frameIv = frameIvEncoder.encodeIv(0L);
 		framePeekingIv = framePeekingIvEncoder.encodeIv(0L);
 		ciphertext = new byte[MAX_FRAME_LENGTH];
 		frameNumber = 0L;
 	}
 
-	public boolean readFrame(Frame f) throws IOException {
+	public boolean readFrame(byte[] frame) throws IOException {
 		try {
 			// Read the tag if it hasn't already been read
 			if(readTag) {
@@ -79,19 +78,18 @@ class IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl implements FrameReader {
 			// Decrypt the first block of the frame to peek at the header
 			framePeekingIvEncoder.updateIv(framePeekingIv, frameNumber);
 			IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(framePeekingIv);
-			byte[] plaintext = f.getBuffer();
 			try {
 				framePeekingCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, frameKey, ivSpec);
 				int decrypted = framePeekingCipher.update(ciphertext, 0,
-						blockSize, plaintext);
+						blockSize, frame);
 				if(decrypted != blockSize) throw new RuntimeException();
 			} catch(GeneralSecurityException badCipher) {
 				throw new RuntimeException(badCipher);
 			}
 			// Parse the frame header
-			int payload = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(plaintext);
-			int padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(plaintext);
-			int length = FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding + MAC_LENGTH;
+			int payload = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(frame);
+			int padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(frame);
+			int length = HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding + MAC_LENGTH;
 			if(length > MAX_FRAME_LENGTH) throw new FormatException();
 			// Read the remainder of the frame
 			while(offset < length) {
@@ -105,13 +103,12 @@ class IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl implements FrameReader {
 			try {
 				frameCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, frameKey, ivSpec);
 				int decrypted = frameCipher.doFinal(ciphertext, 0, length,
-						plaintext);
+						frame);
 				if(decrypted != length - MAC_LENGTH)
 					throw new RuntimeException();
 			} catch(GeneralSecurityException badCipher) {
 				throw new RuntimeException(badCipher);
 			}
-			f.setLength(length - MAC_LENGTH);
 			frameNumber++;
 			return true;
 		} catch(IOException e) {
diff --git a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayerImpl.java b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayer.java
similarity index 75%
rename from components/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayerImpl.java
rename to components/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayer.java
index d79d498b1f76dd77b14f681ef4b42cd32c7c65e2..023d2fd50c6166c715677cb2640aedfd3ab9047f 100644
--- a/components/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayerImpl.java
+++ b/components/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayer.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package net.sf.briar.transport;
 
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.HEADER_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAC_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAX_FRAME_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.TAG_LENGTH;
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
 import net.sf.briar.api.crypto.ErasableKey;
 import net.sf.briar.api.crypto.IvEncoder;
 
-class OutgoingEncryptionLayerImpl implements FrameWriter {
+class OutgoingEncryptionLayer implements FrameWriter {
 
 	private final OutputStream out;
 	private final Cipher tagCipher, frameCipher;
@@ -24,9 +25,9 @@ class OutgoingEncryptionLayerImpl implements FrameWriter {
 
 	private long capacity, frameNumber;
 
-	OutgoingEncryptionLayerImpl(OutputStream out, long capacity,
-			Cipher tagCipher, Cipher frameCipher, IvEncoder frameIvEncoder,
-			ErasableKey tagKey, ErasableKey frameKey) {
+	OutgoingEncryptionLayer(OutputStream out, long capacity, Cipher tagCipher,
+			Cipher frameCipher, IvEncoder frameIvEncoder, ErasableKey tagKey,
+			ErasableKey frameKey) {
 		this.out = out;
 		this.capacity = capacity;
 		this.tagCipher = tagCipher;
@@ -39,9 +40,10 @@ class OutgoingEncryptionLayerImpl implements FrameWriter {
 		frameNumber = 0L;
 	}
 
-	public void writeFrame(Frame f) throws IOException {
-		byte[] plaintext = f.getBuffer();
-		int offset = 0, length = f.getLength();
+	public void writeFrame(byte[] frame) throws IOException {
+		int payload = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(frame);
+		int padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(frame);
+		int offset = 0, length = HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding;
 		if(frameNumber == 0) {
 			TagEncoder.encodeTag(ciphertext, tagCipher, tagKey);
 			offset = TAG_LENGTH;
@@ -50,8 +52,8 @@ class OutgoingEncryptionLayerImpl implements FrameWriter {
 		IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(frameIv);
 		try {
 			frameCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, frameKey, ivSpec);
-			int encrypted = frameCipher.doFinal(plaintext, 0, length,
-					ciphertext, offset);
+			int encrypted = frameCipher.doFinal(frame, 0, length, ciphertext,
+					offset);
 			if(encrypted != length + MAC_LENGTH) throw new RuntimeException();
 		} catch(GeneralSecurityException badCipher) {
 			throw new RuntimeException(badCipher);
diff --git a/test/build.xml b/test/build.xml
index 9fe9705e6536e7ac5d4c7d260ee937a358d4e235..ada58666b19a3be00ac68c50944f7f7a82a47be0 100644
--- a/test/build.xml
+++ b/test/build.xml
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@
 			<test name='net.sf.briar.transport.ConnectionWriterImplTest'/>
 			<test name='net.sf.briar.transport.ConnectionWriterTest'/>
 			<test name='net.sf.briar.transport.FrameReadWriteTest'/>
-			<test name='net.sf.briar.transport.IncomingEncryptionLayerImplTest'/>
-			<test name='net.sf.briar.transport.OutgoingEncryptionLayerImplTest'/>
+			<test name='net.sf.briar.transport.IncomingEncryptionLayerTest'/>
+			<test name='net.sf.briar.transport.OutgoingEncryptionLayerTest'/>
 			<test name='net.sf.briar.util.ByteUtilsTest'/>
 			<test name='net.sf.briar.util.FileUtilsTest'/>
 			<test name='net.sf.briar.util.StringUtilsTest'/>
diff --git a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderImplTest.java b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderImplTest.java
index 78b024c9110771e99b833028cfa505de2df2e196..b62b313eaaaace34520cb60de582d5ea168c5d87 100644
--- a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderImplTest.java
+++ b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionReaderImplTest.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package net.sf.briar.transport;
 
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.HEADER_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAC_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAX_FRAME_LENGTH;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 
+import net.sf.briar.BriarTestCase;
 import net.sf.briar.TestUtils;
 import net.sf.briar.api.FormatException;
 import net.sf.briar.api.transport.ConnectionReader;
@@ -15,7 +16,10 @@ import net.sf.briar.api.transport.ConnectionReader;
 import org.apache.commons.io.output.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-public class ConnectionReaderImplTest extends TransportTest {
+public class ConnectionReaderImplTest extends BriarTestCase {
+
+	private static final int MAX_PAYLOAD_LENGTH =
+			MAX_FRAME_LENGTH - HEADER_LENGTH - MAC_LENGTH;
 
 	public ConnectionReaderImplTest() throws Exception {
 		super();
@@ -23,7 +27,7 @@ public class ConnectionReaderImplTest extends TransportTest {
 
 	@Test
 	public void testLengthZero() throws Exception {
-		byte[] frame = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + MAC_LENGTH];
+		byte[] frame = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + MAC_LENGTH];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame, 0, 0, 0, true);
 		// Read the frame
 		ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(frame);
@@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ public class ConnectionReaderImplTest extends TransportTest {
 
 	@Test
 	public void testLengthOne() throws Exception {
-		byte[] frame = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + 1 + MAC_LENGTH];
+		byte[] frame = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + 1 + MAC_LENGTH];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame, 0, 1, 0, true);
 		// Read the frame
 		ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(frame);
@@ -100,12 +104,12 @@ public class ConnectionReaderImplTest extends TransportTest {
 	@Test
 	public void testNonZeroPadding() throws Exception {
 		int payloadLength = 10, paddingLength = 10;
-		byte[] frame = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength
-		                        + paddingLength + MAC_LENGTH];
+		byte[] frame = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength + paddingLength
+		                        + MAC_LENGTH];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame, 0, payloadLength, paddingLength,
 				false);
 		// Set a byte of the padding to a non-zero value
-		frame[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength] = 1;
+		frame[HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength] = 1;
 		// Read the frame
 		ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(frame);
 		ConnectionReader r = createConnectionReader(in);
@@ -120,13 +124,11 @@ public class ConnectionReaderImplTest extends TransportTest {
 	public void testMultipleFrames() throws Exception {
 		// First frame: 123-byte payload
 		int payloadLength = 123;
-		byte[] frame = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength
-		                        + MAC_LENGTH];
+		byte[] frame = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength + MAC_LENGTH];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame, 0, payloadLength, 0, false);
 		// Second frame: 1234-byte payload
 		int payloadLength1 = 1234;
-		byte[] frame1 = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength1
-		                         + MAC_LENGTH];
+		byte[] frame1 = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength1 + MAC_LENGTH];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame1, 1, payloadLength1, 0, true);
 		// Concatenate the frames
 		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -148,13 +150,11 @@ public class ConnectionReaderImplTest extends TransportTest {
 	public void testLastFrameNotMarkedAsSuch() throws Exception {
 		// First frame: 123-byte payload
 		int payloadLength = 123;
-		byte[] frame = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength
-		                        + MAC_LENGTH];
+		byte[] frame = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength + MAC_LENGTH];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame, 0, payloadLength, 0, false);
 		// Second frame: 1234-byte payload
 		int payloadLength1 = 1234;
-		byte[] frame1 = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength1
-		                         + MAC_LENGTH];
+		byte[] frame1 = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + payloadLength1 + MAC_LENGTH];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame1, 1, payloadLength1, 0, false);
 		// Concatenate the frames
 		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
diff --git a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterImplTest.java b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterImplTest.java
index 9f37b1b032ca26cb661d8d737b7c395b27ea0dcd..df33eb1073411c7812fa7df4b271a9ba14aea660 100644
--- a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterImplTest.java
+++ b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/ConnectionWriterImplTest.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package net.sf.briar.transport;
 
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.HEADER_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAC_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAX_FRAME_LENGTH;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
@@ -8,11 +8,15 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 
+import net.sf.briar.BriarTestCase;
 import net.sf.briar.api.transport.ConnectionWriter;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-public class ConnectionWriterImplTest extends TransportTest {
+public class ConnectionWriterImplTest extends BriarTestCase {
+
+	private static final int MAX_PAYLOAD_LENGTH =
+			MAX_FRAME_LENGTH - HEADER_LENGTH - MAC_LENGTH;
 
 	public ConnectionWriterImplTest() throws Exception {
 		super();
@@ -31,7 +35,7 @@ public class ConnectionWriterImplTest extends TransportTest {
 	@Test
 	public void testSingleByteFrame() throws Exception {
 		// Create a single-byte frame
-		byte[] frame = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + 1 + MAC_LENGTH];
+		byte[] frame = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + 1 + MAC_LENGTH];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame, 0, 1, 0, false);
 		// Check that the ConnectionWriter gets the same results
 		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -70,10 +74,10 @@ public class ConnectionWriterImplTest extends TransportTest {
 	@Test
 	public void testMultipleFrames() throws Exception {
 		// First frame: 123-byte payload
-		byte[] frame = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + 123 + MAC_LENGTH];
+		byte[] frame = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + 123 + MAC_LENGTH];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame, 0, 123, 0, false);
 		// Second frame: 1234-byte payload
-		byte[] frame1 = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + 1234 + MAC_LENGTH];
+		byte[] frame1 = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + 1234 + MAC_LENGTH];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(frame1, 1, 1234, 0, false);
 		// Concatenate the frames
 		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
diff --git a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameReadWriteTest.java b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameReadWriteTest.java
index 11de90329ec8a8b1898df65ed04ab0e69da2e945..13aaddbef22527a8d5df540eb4129eaea16464f7 100644
--- a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameReadWriteTest.java
+++ b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/FrameReadWriteTest.java
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public class FrameReadWriteTest extends BriarTestCase {
 		ErasableKey frameCopy = frameKey.copy();
 		// Write the frames
 		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-		FrameWriter encryptionOut = new OutgoingEncryptionLayerImpl(out,
+		FrameWriter encryptionOut = new OutgoingEncryptionLayer(out,
 				Long.MAX_VALUE, tagCipher, frameCipher, frameIvEncoder, tagCopy,
 				frameCopy);
 		ConnectionWriter writer = new ConnectionWriterImpl(encryptionOut);
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ public class FrameReadWriteTest extends BriarTestCase {
 		assertArrayEquals(tag, recoveredTag);
 		assertTrue(TagEncoder.decodeTag(recoveredTag, tagCipher, tagKey));
 		// Read the frames back
-		FrameReader encryptionIn = new IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl(in,
+		FrameReader encryptionIn = new IncomingEncryptionLayer(in,
 				tagCipher, frameCipher, framePeekingCipher, frameIvEncoder,
 				framePeekingIvEncoder, tagKey, frameKey, false);
 		ConnectionReader reader = new ConnectionReaderImpl(encryptionIn);
diff --git a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayerImplTest.java b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayerTest.java
similarity index 63%
rename from test/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayerImplTest.java
rename to test/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayerTest.java
index 06fa5d5e00926c9da794ca3fb849b96641e61be2..4123e910e5b5d066c33445a672174db61be224c1 100644
--- a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayerImplTest.java
+++ b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/IncomingEncryptionLayerTest.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package net.sf.briar.transport;
 
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.HEADER_LENGTH;
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAX_FRAME_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.TAG_LENGTH;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
@@ -20,13 +21,13 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 import com.google.inject.Guice;
 import com.google.inject.Injector;
 
-public class IncomingEncryptionLayerImplTest extends BriarTestCase {
+public class IncomingEncryptionLayerTest extends BriarTestCase {
 
 	private final Cipher tagCipher, frameCipher, framePeekingCipher;
 	private final IvEncoder frameIvEncoder, framePeekingIvEncoder;
 	private final ErasableKey tagKey, frameKey;
 
-	public IncomingEncryptionLayerImplTest() {
+	public IncomingEncryptionLayerTest() {
 		super();
 		Injector i = Guice.createInjector(new CryptoModule());
 		CryptoComponent crypto = i.getInstance(CryptoComponent.class);
@@ -45,14 +46,14 @@ public class IncomingEncryptionLayerImplTest extends BriarTestCase {
 		byte[] tag = new byte[TAG_LENGTH];
 		TagEncoder.encodeTag(tag, tagCipher, tagKey);
 		// Calculate the ciphertext for the first frame
-		byte[] plaintext = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + 123];
+		byte[] plaintext = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + 123];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(plaintext, 0L, 123, 0, false);
 		byte[] iv = frameIvEncoder.encodeIv(0L);
 		IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
 		frameCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, frameKey, ivSpec);
 		byte[] ciphertext = frameCipher.doFinal(plaintext);
 		// Calculate the ciphertext for the second frame
-		byte[] plaintext1 = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + 1234];
+		byte[] plaintext1 = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + 1234];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(plaintext1, 1L, 1234, 0, false);
 		frameIvEncoder.updateIv(iv, 1L);
 		ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
@@ -66,39 +67,45 @@ public class IncomingEncryptionLayerImplTest extends BriarTestCase {
 		out.write(ciphertext1);
 		ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
 		// Use the encryption layer to decrypt the ciphertext
-		FrameReader decrypter = new IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl(in, tagCipher,
+		FrameReader decrypter = new IncomingEncryptionLayer(in, tagCipher,
 				frameCipher, framePeekingCipher, frameIvEncoder,
 				framePeekingIvEncoder, tagKey, frameKey, true);
 		// First frame
-		Frame f = new Frame();
-		assertTrue(decrypter.readFrame(f));
-		assertEquals(plaintext.length, f.getLength());
-		byte[] decrypted = f.getBuffer();
-		assertEquals(0L, HeaderEncoder.getFrameNumber(decrypted));
+		byte[] frame = new byte[MAX_FRAME_LENGTH];
+		assertTrue(decrypter.readFrame(frame));
+		assertEquals(0L, HeaderEncoder.getFrameNumber(frame));
+		int payload = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(frame);
+		assertEquals(123, payload);
+		int padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(frame);
+		assertEquals(0, padding);
+		assertEquals(plaintext.length, HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding);
 		for(int i = 0; i < plaintext.length; i++) {
-			assertEquals(plaintext[i], decrypted[i]);
+			assertEquals(plaintext[i], frame[i]);
 		}
 		// Second frame
-		assertTrue(decrypter.readFrame(f));
-		assertEquals(plaintext1.length, f.getLength());
-		decrypted = f.getBuffer();
-		assertEquals(1L, HeaderEncoder.getFrameNumber(decrypted));
+		assertTrue(decrypter.readFrame(frame));
+		assertEquals(1L, HeaderEncoder.getFrameNumber(frame));
+		payload = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(frame);
+		assertEquals(1234, payload);
+		padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(frame);
+		assertEquals(0, padding);
+		assertEquals(plaintext1.length, HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding);
 		for(int i = 0; i < plaintext1.length; i++) {
-			assertEquals(plaintext1[i], decrypted[i]);
+			assertEquals(plaintext1[i], frame[i]);
 		}
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testDecryptionWithoutTag() throws Exception {
 		// Calculate the ciphertext for the first frame
-		byte[] plaintext = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + 123];
+		byte[] plaintext = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + 123];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(plaintext, 0L, 123, 0, false);
 		byte[] iv = frameIvEncoder.encodeIv(0L);
 		IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
 		frameCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, frameKey, ivSpec);
 		byte[] ciphertext = frameCipher.doFinal(plaintext);
 		// Calculate the ciphertext for the second frame
-		byte[] plaintext1 = new byte[FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + 1234];
+		byte[] plaintext1 = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + 1234];
 		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(plaintext1, 1L, 1234, 0, false);
 		frameIvEncoder.updateIv(iv, 1L);
 		ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
@@ -111,25 +118,31 @@ public class IncomingEncryptionLayerImplTest extends BriarTestCase {
 		out.write(ciphertext1);
 		ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
 		// Use the encryption layer to decrypt the ciphertext
-		FrameReader decrypter = new IncomingEncryptionLayerImpl(in, tagCipher,
+		FrameReader decrypter = new IncomingEncryptionLayer(in, tagCipher,
 				frameCipher, framePeekingCipher, frameIvEncoder,
 				framePeekingIvEncoder, tagKey, frameKey, false);
 		// First frame
-		Frame f = new Frame();
-		assertTrue(decrypter.readFrame(f));
-		assertEquals(plaintext.length, f.getLength());
-		byte[] decrypted = f.getBuffer();
-		assertEquals(0L, HeaderEncoder.getFrameNumber(decrypted));
+		byte[] frame = new byte[MAX_FRAME_LENGTH];
+		assertTrue(decrypter.readFrame(frame));
+		assertEquals(0L, HeaderEncoder.getFrameNumber(frame));
+		int payload = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(frame);
+		assertEquals(123, payload);
+		int padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(frame);
+		assertEquals(0, padding);
+		assertEquals(plaintext.length, HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding);
 		for(int i = 0; i < plaintext.length; i++) {
-			assertEquals(plaintext[i], decrypted[i]);
+			assertEquals(plaintext[i], frame[i]);
 		}
 		// Second frame
-		assertTrue(decrypter.readFrame(f));
-		assertEquals(plaintext1.length, f.getLength());
-		assertEquals(1L, HeaderEncoder.getFrameNumber(decrypted));
-		decrypted = f.getBuffer();
+		assertTrue(decrypter.readFrame(frame));
+		assertEquals(1L, HeaderEncoder.getFrameNumber(frame));
+		payload = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(frame);
+		assertEquals(1234, payload);
+		padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(frame);
+		assertEquals(0, padding);
+		assertEquals(plaintext1.length, HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding);
 		for(int i = 0; i < plaintext1.length; i++) {
-			assertEquals(plaintext1[i], decrypted[i]);
+			assertEquals(plaintext1[i], frame[i]);
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/NullIncomingEncryptionLayer.java b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/NullIncomingEncryptionLayer.java
index c5d4410f5397d0fd862bfc30419178e6061b4fb8..df57fdcc23c006b45c27eff8945083235c83b8db 100644
--- a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/NullIncomingEncryptionLayer.java
+++ b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/NullIncomingEncryptionLayer.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package net.sf.briar.transport;
 
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.HEADER_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAC_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAX_FRAME_LENGTH;
 
@@ -19,12 +19,11 @@ class NullIncomingEncryptionLayer implements FrameReader {
 		this.in = in;
 	}
 
-	public boolean readFrame(Frame f) throws IOException {
-		byte[] buf = f.getBuffer();
+	public boolean readFrame(byte[] frame) throws IOException {
 		// Read the frame header
-		int offset = 0, length = FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
+		int offset = 0, length = HEADER_LENGTH;
 		while(offset < length) {
-			int read = in.read(buf, offset, length - offset);
+			int read = in.read(frame, offset, length - offset);
 			if(read == -1) {
 				if(offset == 0) return false;
 				throw new EOFException();
@@ -32,17 +31,16 @@ class NullIncomingEncryptionLayer implements FrameReader {
 			offset += read;
 		}
 		// Parse the frame header
-		int payload = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(buf);
-		int padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(buf);
-		length = FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding + MAC_LENGTH;
+		int payload = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(frame);
+		int padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(frame);
+		length = HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding + MAC_LENGTH;
 		if(length > MAX_FRAME_LENGTH) throw new FormatException();
 		// Read the remainder of the frame
 		while(offset < length) {
-			int read = in.read(buf, offset, length - offset);
+			int read = in.read(frame, offset, length - offset);
 			if(read == -1) throw new EOFException();
 			offset += read;
 		}
-		f.setLength(length - MAC_LENGTH);
 		return true;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/NullOutgoingEncryptionLayer.java b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/NullOutgoingEncryptionLayer.java
index ae7ccdd174b43e439dfe282462f98c0da38d99ba..cadc254184ce05027da54b380adaddbacde8e7de 100644
--- a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/NullOutgoingEncryptionLayer.java
+++ b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/NullOutgoingEncryptionLayer.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package net.sf.briar.transport;
 
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.HEADER_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAC_LENGTH;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -22,9 +23,12 @@ class NullOutgoingEncryptionLayer implements FrameWriter {
 		this.capacity = capacity;
 	}
 
-	public void writeFrame(Frame f) throws IOException {
-		out.write(f.getBuffer(), 0, f.getLength() + MAC_LENGTH);
-		capacity -= f.getLength();
+	public void writeFrame(byte[] frame) throws IOException {
+		int payload = HeaderEncoder.getPayloadLength(frame);
+		int padding = HeaderEncoder.getPaddingLength(frame);
+		int length = HEADER_LENGTH + payload + padding + MAC_LENGTH;
+		out.write(frame, 0, length);
+		capacity -= length;
 	}
 
 	public void flush() throws IOException {
diff --git a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayerImplTest.java b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayerTest.java
similarity index 78%
rename from test/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayerImplTest.java
rename to test/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayerTest.java
index 3393f9b6bcf76379b6b712f6fda527bafeedeb90..ab53aad5ec0a5a7995858562b33624d25c0e6546 100644
--- a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayerImplTest.java
+++ b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/OutgoingEncryptionLayerTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package net.sf.briar.transport;
 
+import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.HEADER_LENGTH;
 import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.TAG_LENGTH;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 
@@ -19,13 +20,13 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 import com.google.inject.Guice;
 import com.google.inject.Injector;
 
-public class OutgoingEncryptionLayerImplTest extends BriarTestCase {
+public class OutgoingEncryptionLayerTest extends BriarTestCase {
 
 	private final Cipher tagCipher, frameCipher;
 	private final IvEncoder frameIvEncoder;
 	private final ErasableKey tagKey, frameKey;
 
-	public OutgoingEncryptionLayerImplTest() {
+	public OutgoingEncryptionLayerTest() {
 		super();
 		Injector i = Guice.createInjector(new CryptoModule());
 		CryptoComponent crypto = i.getInstance(CryptoComponent.class);
@@ -43,12 +44,14 @@ public class OutgoingEncryptionLayerImplTest extends BriarTestCase {
 		TagEncoder.encodeTag(tag, tagCipher, tagKey);
 		// Calculate the expected ciphertext for the first frame
 		byte[] iv = frameIvEncoder.encodeIv(0L);
-		byte[] plaintext = new byte[123];
+		byte[] plaintext = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + 123];
+		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(plaintext, 0L, 123, 0, false);
 		IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
 		frameCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, frameKey, ivSpec);
 		byte[] ciphertext = frameCipher.doFinal(plaintext);
 		// Calculate the expected ciphertext for the second frame
-		byte[] plaintext1 = new byte[1234];
+		byte[] plaintext1 = new byte[HEADER_LENGTH + 1234];
+		HeaderEncoder.encodeHeader(plaintext1, 1L, 1234, 0, true);
 		frameIvEncoder.updateIv(iv, 1L);
 		ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
 		frameCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, frameKey, ivSpec);
@@ -61,16 +64,10 @@ public class OutgoingEncryptionLayerImplTest extends BriarTestCase {
 		byte[] expected = out.toByteArray();
 		// Use the encryption layer to encrypt the plaintext
 		out.reset();
-		FrameWriter encrypter = new OutgoingEncryptionLayerImpl(out,
-				Long.MAX_VALUE, tagCipher, frameCipher, frameIvEncoder, tagKey,
-				frameKey);
-		Frame f = new Frame();
-		System.arraycopy(plaintext, 0, f.getBuffer(), 0, plaintext.length);
-		f.setLength(plaintext.length);
-		encrypter.writeFrame(f);
-		System.arraycopy(plaintext1, 0, f.getBuffer(), 0, plaintext1.length);
-		f.setLength(plaintext1.length);
-		encrypter.writeFrame(f);
+		FrameWriter encrypter = new OutgoingEncryptionLayer(out, Long.MAX_VALUE,
+				tagCipher, frameCipher, frameIvEncoder, tagKey, frameKey);
+		encrypter.writeFrame(plaintext);
+		encrypter.writeFrame(plaintext1);
 		byte[] actual = out.toByteArray();
 		// Check that the actual ciphertext matches the expected ciphertext
 		assertArrayEquals(expected, actual);
diff --git a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/TransportTest.java b/test/net/sf/briar/transport/TransportTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 9764ec71d861104568411d87e3767fb9436acff6..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/test/net/sf/briar/transport/TransportTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-package net.sf.briar.transport;
-
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH;
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAC_LENGTH;
-import static net.sf.briar.api.transport.TransportConstants.MAX_FRAME_LENGTH;
-
-import javax.crypto.Cipher;
-
-import net.sf.briar.BriarTestCase;
-import net.sf.briar.api.crypto.CryptoComponent;
-import net.sf.briar.api.crypto.ErasableKey;
-import net.sf.briar.crypto.CryptoModule;
-
-import com.google.inject.Guice;
-import com.google.inject.Injector;
-
-public abstract class TransportTest extends BriarTestCase {
-
-	static final int MAX_PAYLOAD_LENGTH =
-		MAX_FRAME_LENGTH - FRAME_HEADER_LENGTH - MAC_LENGTH;
-
-	protected final Cipher frameCipher;
-	protected final ErasableKey frameKey;
-
-	public TransportTest() throws Exception {
-		super();
-		Injector i = Guice.createInjector(new CryptoModule());
-		CryptoComponent crypto = i.getInstance(CryptoComponent.class);
-		frameCipher = crypto.getFrameCipher();
-		frameKey = crypto.generateTestKey();
-	}
-}